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Saturday 28 November, 2009

Moving Average Crossovers

Let's talk about the Golden Cross and the Death Cross. No, we're not opening a deck of cards and telling your fortune. These colorful terms refer to patterns you probably use every day in your trading but don't refer to by these names. Along with its many cousins, they comprise a whole division of technical analysis. You might know them better as moving average crossovers.

Moving averages emit vital market data, but all of them exhibit one common limitation: They lag current events. By the time a 20-bar average curves upward to confirm a trend, the move is already underway and may even be over. While faster incarnations (such as exponential averages) will speed up signals, all of them ring the trading bell way too late.

Multiple moving averages overcome many flaws of the single variety. They're especially powerful when used in conjunction with price patterns. For example, pick out a long-term and a short-term average. Then watch price action when the averages turn toward each other and cross over. This event may trigger a good trading signal, especially when it converges with a key support or resistance level.

Averages display all the common characteristics of support/resistance. For example, one average will often bounce off another one on a first test, rather than break through right away. Then, like price bars, the odds shift toward a violation and crossover on the next test. Alternatively, when one average can't break through another average after several tries, it sets off a strong trend-reversal signal.

Different holding periods respond to different average settings. One-to-three-day swing trades work well with averages that maintain a 3x to 4x relationship between shorter and longer periods. This allows convergence/divergence between different trends to work in the trader's favor.

For example, the daily chart may show a strong uptrend, while the 60-minute chart begins a deep pullback. A 40-day average will stay pointed in the trend direction for a long time, but a 13-day average (3x13=39) will turn down quickly, and head straight for the longer average. The point where they intersect represents a major support level.

Crossovers mark important shifts in momentum and support/resistance regardless of holding period. Many traders can therefore just stick with the major averages and find out most of what they need to know. The most popular settings draw charts with a 20-day for the short-term trend, a 50-day for the intermediate trend and a 200-day for the big picture.

Long-term crossovers carry more weight than short-term events. The Golden Cross represents a major shift from the bears to the bulls. It triggers when the 50-day average breaks above the 200-day average. Conversely, the Death Cross restores bear power when the 50-day falls back beneath the 200-day. The 200-day average becomes major resistance after the 50-day average drops below it, and major support after breaking above it. When price gets trapped between the 50-day and 200-day averages, it can whipsaw repeatedly between their price extremes. This pinball action marks a zone of opportunity for swing trades.

Crossovers add horsepower to many types of trading strategies. But try to limit their use to trending markets. Moving averages emit false signals during the "negative feedback" of sideways markets. Keep in mind these common indicators measure directional momentum. They lose power in markets with little or no price change.

For years, technicians have tried to filter crossover systems through trend-recognition formulas in order to reduce whipsaws. You can try this for yourself, or just look for price patterns that tell you the crossovers are worthless.

Persistent rangebound markets limit the usefulness of all types of average information. All moving averages eventually converge toward a single price level in dead markets. This flatline behavior yields few clues about market direction. So stop using averages completely when this happens, and move to oscillators (such as Stochastics) to predict the next move.

Five Fibonacci Tricks

Fibonacci jumped into the technical mainstream late in the bull market. Futures traders had it all to themselves until real-time software ported it over to the equity markets. Its popularity exploded as retail traders experimented with its arcane math and discovered its many virtues.

Fibonacci ratios describe the interaction between trend and countertrend markets -- 38%, 50% and 62% retracements form the primary pullback levels. Apply these percentages after a trend in either direction to predict the extent of the countertrend swing. Stretch a grid over the most obvious up or down wave, and see how percentages cross key price levels.

Convergence between pattern and retracement can point to excellent trading opportunities. Keep in mind that retracements work poorly in a vacuum. Always examine highs, lows and moving averages to confirm the importance of a specific level.

Discord between retracement and the underlying pattern generates noise instead of profit. Move on to a new chart when nothing lines up correctly. This divergence generates most of the whipsaw in a price chart. Alternatively, strong phasing between Fibonacci and pattern exposes highly predictive reversals at narrow price levels.

Let's look at five tricks to improve your Fibonacci skills. Add these twists and turns to your toolbox and apply them to your next trade. I promise they'll serve you very well in the years ahead.


First Rise/First Failure

First Rise/First Failure marks the first 100% retracement of a trend within your time frame of interest. It provides an early reversal warning after a new high or low. The 100% retracement violates the major price direction and terminates the trend it corrects. From this level, the old trend can reestablish itself if it breaks through the old 38% level. More often, traders will use that level to enter low-risk positions against the old trend.


Parabola Hunt

Parabolic movement tends to occur between the 0%-to-38% and 62%-to-100% Fibonacci levels in all trends. This tendency offers a great tool for finding the big moves when looking for trades. Watch for congestion to form at the 38% or 62% level. Then use a simple breakout or breakdown strategy when price moves past it. The next thrust can be dramatic, with price moving like a magnet back to an old high or low. Of course, the strategy only works when you can find these levels in advance.


Continuation Gap Extensions

You can often target the exact price a rally or selloff will end at by using the continuation gap as a Fibonacci extension tool. Identify the gap by its location at the dead center of a vertical price wave. Then start a Fib grid at the beginning of the trend and extend it so the gap sits under the 50% retracement level. The grid extension points to the terminating price for the rally or selloff.


Overnight Grids

Find an active stock and start a grid from the high (or low) of a session's last hour. Stretch the grid to the opposite end of the next morning's first hour low (or high). This defines a specific price wave traders can use to uncover intraday reversals, breakouts and breakdowns. The overnight grid also offers a way to trade morning gaps. The gap will often stretch across a key retracement level and target low-risk entry on a pullback.


Second High/Low

Many traders can't figure out where to start a Fib grid. Here's a trick to help you place it where it'll do the most good. The absolute high or low in a price wave isn't the best starting point for a grid most of the time. Instead, look for a small double bottom or double top within the congestion where the trend began. Swing one end of the grid over this second high (or low), instead of the first. This will capture a specific Elliott Wave that conforms to the trend you're trying to trade.



Sunday 1 November, 2009

Fibonacci